CMMN: When BPMN is Too Rigid
Not all work follows a script. Legal cases, investigations, healthcare—knowledge work where the worker decides what happens next, not the process.
The Square Peg Problem
You're forcing an investigation workflow into BPMN. But investigators don't follow a fixed sequence—they follow the evidence. Every workaround you add makes the diagram more complex and less useful.
BPMN vs CMMN
| Aspect | BPMN (Process) | CMMN (Case) |
|---|---|---|
| Work Type | Predictable, repeatable processes | Unpredictable, knowledge-intensive work |
| Flow Control | Strict sequence (A → B → C) | Flexible (do tasks in any order) |
| Who Decides | Process designer (at design time) | Case worker (at runtime) |
| Completion | Reaches end event | Case worker decides when done |
| Changes | Requires process redesign | Workers adapt on the fly |
BPMN = Train Track
Fixed route. Predefined stops. The train follows the track—always. Great for payroll, order processing, onboarding.
CMMN = Road Trip
You know the destination. The route? Depends on traffic, weather, discoveries. The driver decides. Great for cases, investigations, creative work.
When CMMN Makes Sense
If your workers frequently say "it depends" or "we'll see what we find"—CMMN might be your answer.
Litigation Case Management
Every case is different. Discovery, motions, depositions happen in varying orders.
Patient Care Coordination
Treatment plans evolve. Tests, consultations, procedures depend on findings.
Claims Investigation
Fraud detection requires flexible investigation paths based on findings.
Incident Management
Complex incidents require ad-hoc troubleshooting, not rigid scripts.
AML Investigations
Suspicious activity investigations follow the evidence, not a script.
Employee Relations Cases
Grievances, investigations, accommodations all require flexible handling.
Quick Decision: BPMN or CMMN?
Use BPMN when:
- ✓ Steps are predictable and repeatable
- ✓ Order matters (A must happen before B)
- ✓ Compliance requires specific sequence
- ✓ Most cases follow the same path
Use CMMN when:
- ✓ Workers need flexibility
- ✓ Next step depends on findings
- ✓ Many optional activities
- ✓ Every case is different
CMMN Resources
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